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Extra, Extra Extras!

Hungry Wolves, Sleeping Bears

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The Miracle on Ice refers to the United States hockey team's upset victory over the Soviet Union on …
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The Soviet hockey team was depicted as an unbeatable force, trained rigorously in state-run programs…
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The U.S. team consisted of 20 young players with an average age of 21, assembled just seven months p…
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Staff Eat Notes

I went from The Rustic Spoon in Austin at 94 truthful straight to Harbour Lights in Boston at 88. The spoon said, "We're basically the same, they just have boats." The lobster at Harbour Lights said, "We have honesty and a harbor. You have dust and a crown. Sit down."

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G&CPending DocketFull docket →
No. 25-6623·Fla. Dist. Ct. of Appeal·Argued Not yet argued (OT2026)Sixth AmendmentCriminal ProcedureJury TrialOT2026

Kian v. Florida

Hamed Kian v. State of Florida
Question Presented

Whether a defendant charged with a serious felony has a Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment right to a twelve-person jury, and whether Williams v. Florida (1970) should be overruled.

Background

Kian was convicted by a six-person jury of practicing with a suspended license. Florida and five other states use six-person juries for non-capital criminal cases. He argues the Sixth Amendment requires twelve jurors and that Williams v. Florida was wrongly decided.

Why It Matters

Could overturn 55-year-old precedent and require twelve-person juries nationwide, upending the criminal-justice systems of states that permit smaller panels.

Applicable Law
U.S. Const. amend. VI (jury trial)U.S. Const. amend. XIV (incorporation)
Key Precedents
Williams v. Florida(1970)

Upheld six-person juries in non-capital cases — the precedent under attack.

Ballew v. Georgia(1978)

Five-person juries unconstitutional, suggesting a numerical floor.

Ramos v. Louisiana(2020)

Sixth Amendment requires unanimity; revived scrutiny of jury-feature precedents and stare decisis.

Merit Profile — Signal Array
J1.00F1.00C0.75I0.65S0.80
Weighted Variables — M = (J×F) × [S·0.45 + C·0.40 + I·0.15]
JJusticiabilitygate
1.00
FFederal Questiongate
1.00
SCircuit Split×0.45
0.80
CConstitutional Significance×0.40
0.75
ILower Court Error×0.15
0.65
Merit Signal
76%
TIER II
Predicted Outcome
5-4
Kian prevails
Confidence
50%
Justice Alignment — majority dissent
RO
Rober
TH
Thoma
AL
Alito
SO
Sotom
KA
Kagan
GO
Gorsu
KA
Kavan
BA
Barre
JA
Jacks

ACQ · Analysis & Consequence Quarterly

Vol. 2 — Coming Q3 2026
Next Issue
Vol. 2
Q3 2026
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